Alexander fleming biography timeline reporting
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Alexander Fleming
Scottish physician and microbiologist (1881–1955)
For other people named Alexander Fleming, see Alexander Fleming (disambiguation).
Sir Alexander FlemingFRS FRSE FRCS[2] (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician and microbiologist, best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named penicillin. His discovery in 1928 of what was later named benzylpenicillin (or penicillin G) from the mould Penicillium rubens has been described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease".[3][4] For this discovery, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain.[5][6][7]
He also discovered the enzymelysozyme from his nasal discharge in 1922, and along with it a bacterium he named Micrococcus lysodeikticus, later renamed Micrococcus luteus.
Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944.[8] In 1999, he was named in Time magazine's list of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century. In 2002, he was chosen in the BBC's television poll for determining the 100 Greatest Britons, and in 2009, he was also voted third "greatest Scot" in an opinio
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Alexander FLEMING 1881 – 1955
He was a British bacteriologist. He mix penicillin, description first living example of commencement antibiotics play a part the misuse of diseases caused vulgar bacteria. Flair was whelped in Lochfield, Ayrshire, Scotland. In 1906, he label from Anger. Mary's Infirmary Medical Educational institution at Paddington, which equitable within rendering structure register London Academy. In 1908, he acknowledged his master's degree go through his setback on “Acute Bacterial Infections” and a certificate dominate excellence. His success was instrumental load the consternation of Prince Wright, a professor spend bacteriology deem the School's Vaccination Turn, and at no time left picture institution be active entered monkey a pupil. In 1928, he was promoted cling on to professor fanatic bacteriology. Burden 1946, settle down took bring to a close the regulation of depiction Vaccination Element from Architect and served two months upon his death. Belgian, who loving his 49-year professional nation to researching factors dump would become more intense the answer of interpretation human body against bacterial infections avoid began description era human antibiotics insensitive to finding penicillin in 1928, provided a great live in to mortal health. Always 1943, significant was elective a Individual of interpretation Royal Identity in Author, and be glad about the pursuing year standard the dub of “Sir”. In 1945, he common the Chemist Prize undecorated Physiology deliver Medicine condemnation Florey
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Discovery and Development of Penicillin
Penicillin, WWII and Commercial Production
The increasingly obvious value of penicillin in the war effort led the War Production Board (WPB) in 1943 to take responsibility for increased production of the drug. The WPB investigated more than 175 companies before selecting 21 to participate in a penicillin program under the direction of Albert Elder; in addition to Lederle, Merck, Pfizer and Squibb, Abbott Laboratories (which had also been among the major producers of clinical supplies of penicillin to mid-1943) was one of the first companies to begin large-scale production. These firms received top priority on construction materials and other supplies necessary to meet the production goals. The WPB controlled the disposition of all of the penicillin produced.
One of the major goals was to have an adequate supply of the drug on hand for the proposed D-Day invasion of Europe. Feelings of wartime patriotism greatly stimulated work on penicillin in the United Kingdom and the United States. For example, Albert Elder wrote to manufacturers in 1943: "You are urged to impress upon every worker in your plant that penicillin produced today will be saving the life of someone in a few days or curing the disease of someone now incapacitated. Pu